I arrived in Chengdu in October knowing no one and having no idea where I would even live or study. But I quickly met many great people, so I’m sure you’ll do fine.
You asked about meeting foreigners, but I think you’d do better to meet locals. I agree that the English Corner at 川大, which starts at 19:00 Fridays in front of the huge gym, is a good place to meet locals who both speak English and want to meet foreigners. If you speak Chinese, the bar/café Machu Picchu is a recommended hangout. Also, join the Chengdu group on CouchSurfing.org
If you really want to meet other foreigners, you can hang out at places like Cafe Paname / Jellyfish, The Underground Bar (which isn’t), or Little Bar. If you’re more comfortable with cynical old 老外 who probably have warrants out for their arrest back home, I can highly recommend the Shamrock.